![]() The essential role of Broca's area in imitation. Heiser, M., Iacoboni, M., Maeda, F., Marcus, J. This fMRI study of imitation of hand actions shows that the human inferior frontal cortex (Broca's area) and rostral posterior parietal cortex have mirror neuron properties, showing activation during observation and execution of action, and increased activation during imitation. Coupling between neuronal firing, field potentials, and fMRI in human auditory cortex. Localization of grasp representations in humans by PET: 1. ![]() Motor facilitation during action observation: a magnetic stimulation study. Mirror neurons responding to observation of actions made with tools in monkey ventral premotor cortex. Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and communicative mouth actions in the monkey ventral premotor cortex. This single-cell recording study of area PF of the macaque shows that mirror neurons do not simply code the observed action, but rather the intention associated with it, thereby predicting probable future actions.įerrari, P. Parietal lobe: from action organization to intention understanding. Audiovisual mirror neurons and action recognition. Hearing sounds, understanding actions: action representation in mirror neurons. Understanding motor events: a neurophysiological study. Macaques ( Macaca nemestrina) recognize when they are being imitated. This behavioural study shows that infant monkeys can imitate facial and hand gestures, thereby demonstrating that imitative capacities are neither uniquely human nor restricted to great apes in other primates. It provides a detailed description of the basic properties of mirror neurons in area F5.įerrari, P. The first full report on mirror neurons in monkeys studied with single-cell recordings. Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Functional properties of grasping-related neurons in the ventral premotor area F5 of the macaque monkey. Grasping objects: the cortical mechanisms of visuomotor transformation. The parietal association cortex in depth perception and visual control of hand action. Sakata, H., Taira, M., Kusunoki, M., Murata, A. The cortical control of movement revisited. Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. Rizzolatti, G., Scandolara, C., Matelli, M. Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior. ![]() Spatial maps for the control of movement. Somatotopy and the control of proximal movements. Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. ![]() Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey. The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. The Imitative Mind: Development, Evolution and Brain Bases (Cambridge Univ. Perspective on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2005). fMRI data show that children with ASD have reduced MNS activity during social mirroring and that MNS activity correlates with the severity of disease: the higher the impairment, the lower the MNS activity in ASD. Through interactions with the limbic system, the human MNS allows the understanding of emotional states of other people.Įvidence of MNS abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is provided by structural MRI, magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional MRI (fMRI). The human MNS is also concerned with other aspects of social cognition, from understanding the intentions of other people to empathizing with them. The human MNS is causally related to imitation, a crucial factor for social interactions and learning. In humans, mirror neuron areas are located in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus and adjacent ventral premotor cortex, and in the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule. This suggests that the mirror neuron system (MNS) is a key neural system for social cognition. Mirror neurons in monkeys also respond to the sound of actions, and code the intention associated with the observed action. These areas are anatomically interconnected and embedded in parallel frontoparietal networks for sensorimotor integration. ![]() Two areas of the macaque brain contain mirror neurons, area F5 in the inferior frontal cortex and area PF/PFG in the inferior parietal cortex. These cells fire when the monkey performs a goal-directed action and when it sees somebody else performing the same action. Mirror neurons are cells located in the premotor and posterior parietal cortex of the macaque brain. ![]()
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